GPCR-Based Machine Olfaction On Urine Scent Surpasses PSA at Predicting Prostate Cancer

A retrospective, single-batch diagnostic accuracy and feasibility study

Andreas Mershin, Claire Guest, Nikolas Stefanou, Rob Harris, Adan Rotteveel, Shannon Johnson, Kai Chau Kung, Zoi Kountouri, Howard Kivell, Elcin Zan, Clifford Gluck, Iqbal Anjum, Francesca Teasdale, Antoanela Colda, Tom Leslie, Shuguang Zhang, Claire Dowse, Keane Ong, Paul Pu Liang, and Achilleas Kotsis

July 13 2026

Machine Olfaction and Embedded AI Are Shaping the New Global Sensing Industry

Andreas Mershin, Nikolas Stefanou, Adan Rotteveel, Matthew Kung, George Kung, Alexandru Dan, Howard Kivell, Zoia Okulova, Zoi Kountouri, Paul Pu Liang. ArXiv.org. Published October 2025. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19660

Towards robust medical machine olfaction: debiasing GC-MS data enhances prostate cancer diagnosis from urine volatilesAdan Rotteveel, Wen-Yee Lee, Zoi Kountouri, Nikolas Stefanou, Howard Kivell, Clifford Gluck, Shuguang Zhang, Andreas Mershin. PLoS One 20(5): e0314742. Published May 03, 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314742

Feasibility of integrating canine olfaction with chemical and microbial profiling of urine to detect lethal prostate cancer Guest C, Harris R, Sfanos KS, Shrestha E, Partin AW, Trock B, Mangold L, Bader R, Kozak A, Mclean S, Simons J, Soule H, Johnson T, Lee WY, Gao Q, Aziz S, Stathatou PM, Thaler S, Foster S, Mershin A. PLoS One. 2021 Feb 17;16(2):e0245530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245530. PMID: 33596212; PMCID: PMC7888653.

Diffusion fails to make a stink Gerard McCaul, Andreas Mershin, Denys I. Bondar; . Physics of Fluids 1 March 2021; 33 (3): 031801. 

Multiscale design of cell-free biologically active architectural structures Ho G. , Kubušová V. , Irabien C. , Li V. , Weinstein A. , Chawla Sh. , Yeung D. , Mershin A. , Zolotovsky K. , Mogas-Soldevila L. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. , 27 March 2023 Sec. Biomaterials Volume 11 - 2023 

Franco, MI., Turin, L., Mershin, A., Skoulakis E.M.C., Molecular vibration sensing component in Drosophila melanogaster olfaction.  PNAS March 1, vol. 108 no. 9 3797-3802 (2011) 
Highlighted on date of online pub (02/14/2011) by both Nature:Flies Sniff Out Heavy Hydrogen and Science: Do Vibrating Molecules Give Us Our Sense of Smell?
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Franco, MI., Turin, L., Mershin, A., Skoulakis E.M.C., Reply to Hettinger:Olfaction is a physical and a chemical sense in DrosophilaPNAS August 2, Vol. 108 no. 31 (2011)

Tourlomousis, F., Jia, C., Karydis, T. Mershin, A. Wang, H. Kalhyon, D. M., Chang, R.  Machine learning metrology of cell confinement in melt electrowritten three-dimensional biomaterial substrates. Nature Microsyst Nanoeng 5, 15 March 25 2019 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-019-0055-4F. Covered by The Economist May 16 2019
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Sivan Kaminski, Dvir Schirman, {…} Kate Adamala, Simmie Foster, Shannon Johnson, Andreas Mershin, Orna Dahan & Yitzhak Pilpel. Evolthon: a community endeavor to evolve lab evolutionPLoS Biology March 29 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000182

T. Karydis, F. Aguiar, S. L. Foster, & A. Mershin.Performance characterization of self-calibrating protocols for wearable EEG applications. PETRAe Conf. Proc., ISBN: 978-1-4503-3452-5 doi>10.1145/2769493.2769533Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Article No. 38 (2015)

T. Karydis, F. Aguiar, S. L. Foster, & A. Mershin. Self-Calibrating Protocols as diagnostic aids for personal medicine, neurological conditions and pain assessment.PETRAe Conf. Proc.,ISBN: 978-1-4503-4337-4 doi>10.1145/2910674.29358522016Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Article No. 61 (2016)